Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment For PTSD

Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment For PTSD

The Albany Clinic • September 13, 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that affects individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. It can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life and overall well-being. Fortunately, there are various treatment options available for individuals suffering from PTSD. One such treatment that has gained attention in recent years is stellate ganglion block (SGB).

Understanding PTSD: A Brief Overview

Before delving into the details of SGB treatment, it is crucial to have a basic understanding of PTSD. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychiatric disorder that can arise after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. These events can range from physical assault and natural disasters to military combat and accidents. The impact of PTSD on individuals can be profound and long-lasting, affecting their mental health and overall well-being.

When someone experiences a traumatic event, their brain and body go into survival mode. This response is a natural and necessary mechanism that helps us cope with danger. However, in the case of PTSD, this response becomes dysfunctional and continues long after the traumatic event has ended. The brain remains in a heightened state of alertness, constantly scanning the environment for potential threats.

The Impact of PTSD on Mental Health

PTSD can significantly impact a person’s mental health, leading to a wide range of symptoms. One of the most common symptoms is anxiety, which can manifest as a constant feeling of unease or a sense of impending doom. Individuals with PTSD may also experience depression, feeling a deep sadness and loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.

Sleep disturbances are another common symptom of PTSD. Nightmares, flashbacks, and intrusive thoughts related to the traumatic event can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and fatigue. This lack of quality sleep can further exacerbate other symptoms of PTSD, making it even more challenging for individuals to cope with their condition.

Furthermore, PTSD can strain relationships with family and friends. The symptoms of PTSD can make it difficult for individuals to connect with others emotionally, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Loved ones may struggle to understand the changes in behavior and mood, which can create tension and misunderstandings.

Common Symptoms and Diagnosis of PTSD

PTSD symptoms can vary from person to person, but there are some common signs to look out for. Intrusive memories, such as flashbacks or vivid nightmares, are a hallmark symptom of PTSD. These memories can be triggered by specific sights, sounds, or smells associated with the traumatic event, causing the individual to relive the experience in a distressing and overwhelming way.

Another symptom of PTSD is avoidance. Individuals may go to great lengths to avoid anything that reminds them of the traumatic event. This can include avoiding certain places, people, or activities that they associate with the trauma. While this avoidance may provide temporary relief, it can also limit the person’s ability to engage in a full and meaningful life.

Negative changes in mood and cognition are also common in individuals with PTSD. They may experience persistent negative thoughts about themselves, others, or the world around them. This negative thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness and a distorted perception of reality.

Heightened arousal is another symptom of PTSD. Individuals may be constantly on edge, easily startled, and have difficulty concentrating. This state of hyperarousal is a result of the brain’s ongoing response to the perceived threat, keeping the body in a state of readiness for danger.

Diagnosis of PTSD typically involves a thorough assessment by a mental health professional. They will evaluate the presence of these symptoms and their impact on the individual’s daily functioning.

The Science Behind Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)

What is Stellate Ganglion Block?

Stellate ganglion block is a procedure that has gained attention as a potential treatment for PTSD. It involves the injection of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine or bupivacaine, into the stellate ganglion. This ganglion is located in the neck, specifically in the lower part of the cervical sympathetic chain.

The procedure is typically performed under ultrasound guidance to ensure accurate needle placement. The local anesthetic is injected around the stellate ganglion, numbing the nerves and temporarily blocking their activity. This blockage is believed to disrupt the sympathetic nervous system’s overactivity, providing relief from the symptoms of PTSD.

While the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is thought that SGB may modulate the release of certain neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain. These chemical messengers play a role in regulating mood, anxiety, and stress responses. By altering their levels, SGB may help restore a more balanced and regulated state in individuals with PTSD.

The Role of SGB in the Nervous System

SGB is thought to interrupt the “fight-or-flight” response that is heightened in individuals with PTSD. By blocking the stellate ganglion, the procedure may help regulate the sympathetic nervous system, reducing hyperarousal and promoting a sense of calmness.

Furthermore, SGB has been found to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation has been linked to various mental health conditions, including PTSD. By reducing inflammation in the stellate ganglion area, SGB may contribute to alleviating the symptoms associated with PTSD.

Research studies have shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of SGB in treating PTSD. Many individuals who have undergone the procedure have reported a significant reduction in symptoms, including a decrease in nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety levels. Some have even experienced a complete remission of symptoms, allowing them to regain control over their lives.

While SGB shows promise as a treatment for PTSD, it is not a cure-all solution. Each person’s response to the procedure may vary, and additional therapy and support may be necessary to address the underlying causes and triggers of PTSD.

SGB Treatment Procedure

Preparing for the Procedure

Prior to undergoing an SGB, patients will typically meet with a healthcare provider to discuss the procedure and address any questions or concerns. It’s essential to provide a comprehensive medical history and inform the healthcare provider of any medications currently being taken.

What Happens During the Treatment?

During the SGB procedure, the patient is positioned comfortably, and the skin around the injection site is cleansed. The healthcare provider will then use local anesthesia to numb the area before inserting a thin needle to deliver the anesthetic to the stellate ganglion. The procedure is usually relatively quick, and patients are often able to resume their normal activities shortly after completion.

The Effectiveness of SGB for PTSD

How SGB Alleviates PTSD Symptoms

Research suggests that SGB can significantly reduce the symptoms associated with PTSD . By modulating the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, SGB may help interrupt the cycle of fear and hyperarousal that individuals with PTSD often experience. This can lead to a reduction in symptoms such as anxiety, nightmares, and hypervigilance.

The Success Rate of SGB Treatment

Studies have shown promising results regarding the success rate of SGB treatment for PTSD. While individual responses may vary, many individuals report significant improvements in symptoms following the procedure. It’s important to note that SGB is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may also include therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Potential Risks and Side Effects of SGB

Common Side Effects of the Procedure

Some common side effects of SGB may include temporary hoarseness or voice changes, neck pain, and a temporary increase in anxiety immediately after the procedure. These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own within a short period.

Understanding the Risks Associated with SGB

While SGB is generally considered safe, there are some risks associated with the procedure. These include infection, bleeding, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), and allergic reactions. It’s essential for individuals considering SGB to discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.

Parting Words

In conclusion, stellate ganglion block (SGB) treatment offers a potential avenue for individuals suffering from PTSD to find relief from their symptoms. By targeting the sympathetic nervous system, SGB may help regulate the body’s stress response and alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and hyperarousal. 

As with any medical intervention, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if SGB is a suitable treatment option and to fully understand the associated risks and benefits. Reach out to us at The Albany Clinic today to schedule a free consultation! 

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By Kimberly Mercille May 27, 2025
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) is an emerging mental health treatment that targets key mechanisms linked to depression. In this article, we’ll discuss the science behind SGB and its potential benefits. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, this information can help you make an informed decision about whether SGB might be the right option. What is a Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)? What is the Stellate Ganglion? The stellate ganglion is a cluster of sympathetic nerves located on each side of the neck near the first rib. These nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls automatic body functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. The term "stellate" means "star-shaped" because the ganglion often looks like a star under a microscope. It helps regulate the body's stress response by controlling norepinephrine, a chemical that triggers the fight-or-flight reaction. When this system becomes overactive, it can cause various physical and psychological problems, including depression. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) therapy may help by reducing the activity of the stellate ganglion, calming the fight-or-flight response, and lessening the damaging effects of prolonged nervous system stress. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work? Stellate Ganglion block (SGB) is when a local anesthetic is injected near the stellate ganglion. These drugs inhibit transmission between nerve cells, dampening activity in the ganglion. They typically include lidocaine, bupivacaine, or mepivacaine, which are sometimes combined with a steroid medication. Patients may also receive another medication to relax them before treatment. SGB is typically performed using ultrasound guidance . The injection process lasts no more than 10 minutes, but patients will motinoted for another 30-45 minutes after treatment to ensure their safety. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work for Depression? Chronic stress is a major contributor to depression and is often linked to an overactive sympathetic nervous system. People with depression commonly show high levels of cortisol, a hormone that plays a key role in the body's stress response, in their blood stream. Cortisol is helpful in small doses, but when chronically elevated, it can disrupt neural circuits in the brain. Excessive cortisol can lead to: Neurotoxicity - Cortisol can be toxic to nerve cells, especially in the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory and emotional regulation. Overinflammation - Cortisol increases the activity of the body’s natural defense system, resulting in the system causing damage to nerve cells. Impaired synaptic plasticity - Cortisol inhibits the capacity for the brain to “re-wire” itself. This makes it harder for people to adapt to stressful situations and learn new patterns of behaviour. Disrupted sleep - High cortisol can prevent people from sleeping well. During sleep, restorative biological processes occur in the brain, and excess cortisol can prevent these from happening. SGB decreases sympathetic nervous system activity, which can reduce cortisol levels. This can help restore function in brain areas and pathways associated with positive mood, emotional regulation, and stress resilience. Evidence Supporting SGB for Depression To date, there’s very limited evidence supporting the use of SGB for depression. One pilot study found that SGP significantly reduced depression symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and was well-tolerated. However, there was no significant difference to the placebo group and the sample size was very small. Nonetheless, multiple lines of research show that SGB can alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which shares similarities with depression. In a trial of SGB for PTSD , participants reported significantly lower scores of depression following treatment. Who May Benefit from SGB for Depression? SGB is primarily utilized for treating PTSD, so individuals with PTSD who also experience depression may find SGB beneficial. Additionally, SGB has shown potential in alleviating anxiety symptoms, suggesting it may be advantageous for those dealing with both depression and anxiety. Because SGB isn’t approved by the FDA, it is typically only used when standard treatments like antidepressants and psychotherapy haven’t worked. SGB is an “off-label” treatment, much like ketamine therapy or brain stimulation therapies. Importantly, SGB may not be suitable for everyone because of medical reasons. Contraindications include: Recent myocardial infarction Coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy Glaucoma Pre-existing contralateral phrenic nerve palsy Severe emphysema Cardiac conduction block Potential Risks and Side Effects of SGB Common Side Effects Most side effects of SGB are temporary and resolve as the anesthetic wears off. These may include: Hoarseness or Voice Changes: The proximity of the stellate ganglion to nerves controlling the voice box can lead to temporary hoarseness. Drooping Eyelid (Ptosis): Temporary drooping of the eyelid on the side of the injection may occur. Red or Bloodshot Eyes: Some individuals may notice redness in the eyes following the procedure. Watery Eyes and Nasal Congestion: Increased tearing and nasal stuffiness are possible but typically short-lived. Sensation of a Lump in the Throat and Difficulty Swallowing: Some individuals may experience a sensation of a lump in the throat and have difficulty swallowing after the procedure. Warmth or Tingling in the Arm or Hand: A warm or tingling sensation in the affected limb may be experienced temporarily. Although uncommon, some individuals may experience more serious complications, such as nerve damage, seizures, and allergic reactions. Given the potential risks, patients interested in SGB at the Albany Clinic will have an in-depth consultation with one of our qualified healthcare professionals before undergoing treatment. They can assess your medical history, current health status, and the potential benefits and risks of the procedure in your specific case. SGB for Depression in Illinois If you're in the Carbondale area and interested in the potential benefits of SGB for depression, the Albany Clinic is here to help. We specialize in innovative mental health treatments, including SGB, which has been shown to provide rapid relief from mental health symptoms, with effects lasting several weeks. Our experienced team offers personalized support, guiding you through every step—from determining if SGB is the right option for you to exploring alternative treatments and financial considerations. Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your mental health journey.
By Matt Rodriguez May 7, 2025
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms–such as brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath—persist for months after a COVID-19 infection. Researchers are still working to understand why this happens and how to treat it. One potential therapy being explored is the stellate ganglion block (SGB) , a procedure that numbs a cluster of nerves in the neck. In the article, we’ll explore the science behind SGB and long COVID and the evidence supporting its use.
By Matt Rodriguez April 1, 2025
Finding effective depression treatment can be challenging, especially when cost and insurance coverage add to the stress. Fortunately, for individuals in Illinois, several advanced, insurance-backed options are available beyond traditional antidepressants and therapy. This article explores innovative treatments for depression that are available at our Albany Clinic in Carbondale. Addressing the Need for Affordable Depression Relief in Illinois Depression remains a significant public health concern in Illinois. In 2023, data showed that 18.1% of all adults in the state had a doctor's diagnosis of a depressive disorder . Traditional first-line treatments for depression include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, these are not universally effective; approximately one-third of patients are treatment-resistant. Even when these medications do work, they often take a long time to produce noticeable improvements, and unpleasant side effects can deter their use. Talk therapies , such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy, are also strongly recommended. These treatments can have hugely beneficial effects, but it can require a lot of time commitment for results to show. Moreover, not all therapists accept insurance–especially for those practicing more specialized forms–making the treatment inaccessible for many. Spravato (Esketamine) for Depression What is Spravato, and how does it work? Spravato is an FDA-approved nasal spray that contains esketamine, a derivative of ketamine. Like ketamine, esketamine treats depression by interacting with NMDA receptors , proteins that play a key role in learning and memory. This interaction triggers several neurological processes, including neuroplasticity —the strengthening and forming of connections between nerve cells. Enhanced plasticity may improve the function of nerve circuits responsible for mood regulation, increasing overall well-being. A typical Spravato treatment involves sessions administered under medical supervision, starting with twice-weekly doses and then tapering as appropriate. Whereas antidepressants typically take around four weeks to show an effect, Spravato can have rapid action at alleviating symptoms. A study found that Spravato significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to a placebo drug within just 24 hours of administration. Does Insurance cover Spravato? Due to its FDA approval, Spravato is covered by most major insurance plans in Illinois, including Medicare and Medicaid. However, only patients with a formal diagnosis of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDSI) are eligible for the treatment. While the medication is usually covered by insurance, patients may still have out-of-pocket costs , including copays , deductibles , and pre-treatment medical evaluations . Your exact expenses will depend on your specific insurance plan. At the Albany Clinic, we’re here to help you understand your costs and maximize your coverage. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Therapy What is TMS, and how does it work? TMS therapy is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate underactive regions of the brain associated with mood regulation. In depression, TMS targets the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , which is often less active in individuals with the condition. TMS therapy works by: Inducing electrical activity in neurons , prompting the release of neurotransmitters involved in mood and motivation. Increasing the activity of neural circuits responsible for mood regulation. Enhancing neuroplasticity , potentially “re-wiring” nerve circuits associated with unhealthy thinking and behavior. The treatment protocol typically consists of daily sessions over several weeks. Each session lasts about 20-40 minutes, during which patients remain awake and alert. Does insurance cover TMS? Since TMS therapy is FDA-approved, some major insurance providers in Illinois cover costs, but unfortunately, the state’s Medicaid does not. If you're considering TMS, check with your insurance provider to see if your plan includes coverage, as eligibility and benefits vary. At the Albany Clinic, we're here to help clarify details and explore options to make treatment more affordable. IV Ketamine Infusion Therapy What is an IV ketamine infusion and how does it work? IV ketamine infusion therapy involves administering ketamine intravenously at sub-anesthetic doses . This approach has shown rapid and robust antidepressant effects, especially in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. IV ketamine shares the same mechanism as Spravato but tends to have more rapid-acting effects. A standard course includes multiple infusions over a set period, with each session lasting approximately one hour. Does insurance cover IV ketamine? Unlike Spravato and TMS, IV ketamine infusion therapy is not FDA-approved for depression treatment and instead is used “ off-label .” This means most insurance plans don’t accept ketamine, and coverage is limited. However, some insurance companies may reimburse some of the treatment costs, such as the evaluation and management part. At the Albany Clinic, we’ll provide you with all the documentation to submit a claim to your insurance provider, but full payment is required before each procedure. Navigating Insurance for Depression Treatment Understanding insurance coverage for depression treatments can be complex. Here are steps to help streamline the process: Verify Coverage : Contact your insurance provider to inquire about treatment coverage specifics. Some insurers require a history of treatment failures with traditional antidepressants before approving coverage for these advanced therapies. Obtain Pre-Authorization : Many insurers require pre-authorization for certain treatments. Ensure all necessary approvals are secured before initiating therapy. The Albany Clinic's administrative team can assist in submitting pre-authorization requests. Understand Financial Responsibilities : Clarify any co-pays, deductibles, or out-of-pocket expenses associated with your treatment plan. Consult Our Team : The Albany Clinic's administrative staff is experienced in navigating insurance processes and can assist you in understanding and managing the financial aspects of your treatment. We also provide financial counseling to help patients explore payment plans and reimbursement options. Going Forward Navigating insurance for depression treatment can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. At The Albany Clinic , we’re dedicated to helping patients access effective, insurance-backed treatments while minimizing out-of-pocket costs. Contact us today to learn more about your options and take the next step toward relief.