How Ketamine Infusion Therapy Helps Mental Health

How Ketamine Infusion Therapy Helps Mental Health

The Albany Clinic • October 9, 2023

Ketamine infusion therapy is a groundbreaking treatment that has shown promising results in helping individuals struggling with various mental health conditions. This therapy involves the administration of ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic primarily used in surgical procedures, in a controlled and monitored setting.

While ketamine has been long known for its anesthetic properties, recent research has highlighted its potential in treating mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Understanding Ketamine Infusion Therapy

The Science Behind Ketamine

Ketamine acts on the neurotransmitter glutamate, which plays a crucial role in regulating mood, cognition, and pain perception. By blocking a specific receptor involved in glutamate transmission called N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), ketamine can modulate brain signaling and potentially alleviate symptoms of mental health disorders.

The Process of Infusion Therapy

During ketamine infusion therapy, patients receive a controlled dose of ketamine intravenously over a period of time, typically lasting several minutes. The dosage and duration of the infusion vary depending on the individual’s specific needs and responsiveness to the treatment. The therapy is administered under the close supervision of trained medical professionals, ensuring the utmost safety and efficacy.

Ketamine infusion therapy has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential to treat a variety of mental health disorders. It is particularly effective in cases where traditional treatments have failed to provide relief. The therapy’s success lies in its ability to modulate brain signaling, allowing for a rapid and profound impact on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

When administered intravenously, ketamine bypasses the digestive system, ensuring a fast and efficient delivery to the brain. This direct route allows for a more immediate response, with patients often experiencing relief within hours or even minutes after the infusion. The rapid onset of action sets ketamine apart from other treatment options, which may take weeks or even months to show results.

During the infusion, patients are closely monitored by medical professionals to ensure their safety and well-being. Vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels are regularly checked to detect any potential adverse reactions. The dosage and duration of the infusion are carefully adjusted based on the individual’s response, ensuring that the therapy is tailored to their specific needs.

While ketamine infusion therapy has shown promising results, it is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Each patient’s response to the treatment can vary, and additional sessions may be required to achieve long-term benefits. The therapy is often used in conjunction with other forms of therapy, such as psychotherapy or medication, to provide comprehensive and holistic care.

Furthermore, ketamine infusion therapy is not without potential side effects. Some individuals may experience temporary dissociative or hallucinogenic effects during the infusion, which typically subside shortly after the treatment. Other possible side effects include nausea, dizziness, and increased blood pressure. However, these side effects are generally mild and well-tolerated.

The Connection Between Ketamine and Mental Health

Ketamine’s Impact on the Brain

Researchers have discovered that ketamine, a powerful dissociative anesthetic, has the ability to rapidly increase the production of synapses , the connections between brain cells. This synaptic growth, known as synaptogenesis, is believed to play a crucial role in the alleviation of symptoms associated with mental health conditions.

By enhancing the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize itself, ketamine offers a promising avenue for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders.

When administered in controlled doses, ketamine acts on the brain’s glutamate system, specifically targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. This mechanism of action sets ketamine apart from traditional antidepressant medications, which primarily target the brain’s serotonin system. By modulating the glutamate system, ketamine triggers a cascade of molecular and cellular events that ultimately lead to the growth of new synapses.

Furthermore, ketamine has been found to promote the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that plays a crucial role in the growth, survival, and function of neurons. BDNF is known to be reduced in individuals with depression and other mental health disorders. By increasing BDNF levels, ketamine helps to restore the proper functioning of neural circuits, leading to an improvement in mood and overall mental well-being.

Mental Health Conditions Treated by Ketamine

Ketamine infusion therapy has shown significant potential in relieving symptoms of various mental health conditions. These include, but are not limited to, treatment-resistant depression, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The therapeutic effects of ketamine have been particularly remarkable in individuals who have failed to respond to traditional antidepressant medications or other therapeutic interventions.

One of the most well-known applications of ketamine infusion therapy is in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. This form of depression is characterized by a lack of response to multiple antidepressant medications, leaving individuals with limited options for relief. Ketamine, with its unique mechanism of action, offers new hope to these individuals by providing rapid and sustained relief from depressive symptoms.

Bipolar depression, a subtype of bipolar disorder characterized by episodes of depression, is another condition that has shown positive response to ketamine treatment. Traditional antidepressant medications can sometimes trigger manic episodes in individuals with bipolar disorder, making them unsuitable for long-term use. Ketamine, on the other hand, has been found to effectively alleviate depressive symptoms without inducing mania, making it a valuable treatment option for individuals with bipolar depression.

In addition to depression, ketamine has also shown promise in the treatment of other mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Major depressive disorder is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide , and ketamine offers a glimmer of hope for those who have not found relief with conventional treatments.

Similarly, individuals with PTSD, who often experience intense and distressing symptoms as a result of past traumatic events, may benefit from the rapid and robust antidepressant effects of ketamine.

It is important to note that while ketamine infusion therapy has shown promising results, it is still considered an emerging treatment and further research is needed to fully understand its long-term efficacy and safety. However, the growing body of evidence suggests that ketamine holds great potential in revolutionizing the field of mental health treatment, offering new hope to individuals who have been suffering in silence.

Benefits of Ketamine Infusion Therapy

Immediate Relief from Symptoms

One of the most remarkable aspects of ketamine infusion therapy is its ability to provide rapid relief from symptoms. Unlike traditional antidepressant medications, which may take weeks or even months to take effect, ketamine can often produce noticeable improvements within hours or days. This immediate relief can be life-changing, particularly for individuals experiencing acute distress or suicidal ideation.

Long-Term Effects of Therapy

Studies have suggested that ketamine infusion therapy may have long-lasting effects , even after the treatment course is completed. Some patients report experiencing prolonged symptom relief and improved overall mental well-being following therapy. This aspect of ketamine treatment has captured the interest of researchers and clinicians alike, as it has the potential to revolutionize current approaches to mental health care.

Potential Risks and Side Effects of Ketamine Infusion

Common Side Effects

Although ketamine infusion therapy is generally safe and well-tolerated, there are potential side effects that individuals should be aware of. These can include dissociation, changes in blood pressure or heart rate, dizziness, and mild nausea. However, these side effects are typically transient and subside shortly after the infusion.

Addressing Potential Risks

To mitigate potential risks, thorough medical screening and assessment are conducted prior to starting ketamine infusion therapy. This ensures that individuals with specific medical conditions or contraindications are not exposed to unnecessary risks. Moreover, the therapy is closely monitored by medical professionals throughout the entire process, allowing for immediate intervention if any adverse reactions occur.

The Future of Ketamine Infusion Therapy

Ongoing Research and Developments

The application of ketamine in mental health treatment continues to evolve through ongoing research and developments. Scientists are exploring various factors, such as optimal dosing strategies, maintenance treatments, and potential combination therapies, to maximize the benefits of ketamine infusion for individuals struggling with mental health disorders.

The Role of Ketamine in Modern Psychiatry

With its rapid and potentially long-lasting effects, ketamine infusion therapy has the potential to revolutionize the field of psychiatry. As more evidence emerges regarding its efficacy and safety, ketamine may become a vital tool in the treatment arsenal for mental health professionals, offering hope and relief to individuals who have previously felt stuck in their recovery journeys.

Parting Words

In conclusion, ketamine infusion therapy shows considerable promise in helping individuals with mental health conditions experience relief from symptoms that have been unresponsive to conventional treatments. With further research and advancements, ketamine has the potential to reshape the landscape of mental health care, providing new avenues of hope and healing for those in need.

If you are interested in learning more about ketamine treatment in Carbondale, IL, contact us at The Albany Clinic and request your consultation today.

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Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) for Depression

By Kimberly Mercille • May 27, 2025
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) is an emerging mental health treatment that targets key mechanisms linked to depression. In this article, we’ll discuss the science behind SGB and its potential benefits. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, this information can help you make an informed decision about whether SGB might be the right option. What is a Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)? What is the Stellate Ganglion? The stellate ganglion is a cluster of sympathetic nerves located on each side of the neck near the first rib. These nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls automatic body functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. The term "stellate" means "star-shaped" because the ganglion often looks like a star under a microscope. It helps regulate the body's stress response by controlling norepinephrine, a chemical that triggers the fight-or-flight reaction. When this system becomes overactive, it can cause various physical and psychological problems, including depression. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) therapy may help by reducing the activity of the stellate ganglion, calming the fight-or-flight response, and lessening the damaging effects of prolonged nervous system stress. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work? Stellate Ganglion block (SGB) is when a local anesthetic is injected near the stellate ganglion. These drugs inhibit transmission between nerve cells, dampening activity in the ganglion. They typically include lidocaine, bupivacaine, or mepivacaine, which are sometimes combined with a steroid medication. Patients may also receive another medication to relax them before treatment. SGB is typically performed using ultrasound guidance . The injection process lasts no more than 10 minutes, but patients will motinoted for another 30-45 minutes after treatment to ensure their safety. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work for Depression? Chronic stress is a major contributor to depression and is often linked to an overactive sympathetic nervous system. People with depression commonly show high levels of cortisol, a hormone that plays a key role in the body's stress response, in their blood stream. Cortisol is helpful in small doses, but when chronically elevated, it can disrupt neural circuits in the brain. Excessive cortisol can lead to: Neurotoxicity - Cortisol can be toxic to nerve cells, especially in the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory and emotional regulation. Overinflammation - Cortisol increases the activity of the body’s natural defense system, resulting in the system causing damage to nerve cells. Impaired synaptic plasticity - Cortisol inhibits the capacity for the brain to “re-wire” itself. This makes it harder for people to adapt to stressful situations and learn new patterns of behaviour. Disrupted sleep - High cortisol can prevent people from sleeping well. During sleep, restorative biological processes occur in the brain, and excess cortisol can prevent these from happening. SGB decreases sympathetic nervous system activity, which can reduce cortisol levels. This can help restore function in brain areas and pathways associated with positive mood, emotional regulation, and stress resilience. Evidence Supporting SGB for Depression To date, there’s very limited evidence supporting the use of SGB for depression. One pilot study found that SGP significantly reduced depression symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and was well-tolerated. However, there was no significant difference to the placebo group and the sample size was very small. Nonetheless, multiple lines of research show that SGB can alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which shares similarities with depression. In a trial of SGB for PTSD , participants reported significantly lower scores of depression following treatment. Who May Benefit from SGB for Depression? SGB is primarily utilized for treating PTSD, so individuals with PTSD who also experience depression may find SGB beneficial. Additionally, SGB has shown potential in alleviating anxiety symptoms, suggesting it may be advantageous for those dealing with both depression and anxiety. Because SGB isn’t approved by the FDA, it is typically only used when standard treatments like antidepressants and psychotherapy haven’t worked. SGB is an “off-label” treatment, much like ketamine therapy or brain stimulation therapies. Importantly, SGB may not be suitable for everyone because of medical reasons. Contraindications include: Recent myocardial infarction Coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy Glaucoma Pre-existing contralateral phrenic nerve palsy Severe emphysema Cardiac conduction block Potential Risks and Side Effects of SGB Common Side Effects Most side effects of SGB are temporary and resolve as the anesthetic wears off. These may include: Hoarseness or Voice Changes: The proximity of the stellate ganglion to nerves controlling the voice box can lead to temporary hoarseness. Drooping Eyelid (Ptosis): Temporary drooping of the eyelid on the side of the injection may occur. Red or Bloodshot Eyes: Some individuals may notice redness in the eyes following the procedure. Watery Eyes and Nasal Congestion: Increased tearing and nasal stuffiness are possible but typically short-lived. Sensation of a Lump in the Throat and Difficulty Swallowing: Some individuals may experience a sensation of a lump in the throat and have difficulty swallowing after the procedure. Warmth or Tingling in the Arm or Hand: A warm or tingling sensation in the affected limb may be experienced temporarily. Although uncommon, some individuals may experience more serious complications, such as nerve damage, seizures, and allergic reactions. Given the potential risks, patients interested in SGB at the Albany Clinic will have an in-depth consultation with one of our qualified healthcare professionals before undergoing treatment. They can assess your medical history, current health status, and the potential benefits and risks of the procedure in your specific case. SGB for Depression in Illinois If you're in the Carbondale area and interested in the potential benefits of SGB for depression, the Albany Clinic is here to help. We specialize in innovative mental health treatments, including SGB, which has been shown to provide rapid relief from mental health symptoms, with effects lasting several weeks. Our experienced team offers personalized support, guiding you through every step—from determining if SGB is the right option for you to exploring alternative treatments and financial considerations. Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your mental health journey.

SGB for Long COVID: Can a Nerve Block Help Ease Symptoms?

By Matt Rodriguez • May 7, 2025
Long COVID is a condition in which symptoms–such as brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath—persist for months after a COVID-19 infection. Researchers are still working to understand why this happens and how to treat it. One potential therapy being explored is the stellate ganglion block (SGB) , a procedure that numbs a cluster of nerves in the neck. In the article, we’ll explore the science behind SGB and long COVID and the evidence supporting its use.

Insurance-Backed Options for Depression Treatment in Illinois

By Matt Rodriguez • April 1, 2025
Finding effective depression treatment can be challenging, especially when cost and insurance coverage add to the stress. Fortunately, for individuals in Illinois, several advanced, insurance-backed options are available beyond traditional antidepressants and therapy. This article explores innovative treatments for depression that are available at our Albany Clinic in Carbondale. Addressing the Need for Affordable Depression Relief in Illinois Depression remains a significant public health concern in Illinois. In 2023, data showed that 18.1% of all adults in the state had a doctor's diagnosis of a depressive disorder . Traditional first-line treatments for depression include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, these are not universally effective; approximately one-third of patients are treatment-resistant. Even when these medications do work, they often take a long time to produce noticeable improvements, and unpleasant side effects can deter their use. Talk therapies , such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy, are also strongly recommended. These treatments can have hugely beneficial effects, but it can require a lot of time commitment for results to show. Moreover, not all therapists accept insurance–especially for those practicing more specialized forms–making the treatment inaccessible for many. Spravato (Esketamine) for Depression What is Spravato, and how does it work? Spravato is an FDA-approved nasal spray that contains esketamine, a derivative of ketamine. Like ketamine, esketamine treats depression by interacting with NMDA receptors , proteins that play a key role in learning and memory. This interaction triggers several neurological processes, including neuroplasticity —the strengthening and forming of connections between nerve cells. Enhanced plasticity may improve the function of nerve circuits responsible for mood regulation, increasing overall well-being. A typical Spravato treatment involves sessions administered under medical supervision, starting with twice-weekly doses and then tapering as appropriate. Whereas antidepressants typically take around four weeks to show an effect, Spravato can have rapid action at alleviating symptoms. A study found that Spravato significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to a placebo drug within just 24 hours of administration. Does Insurance cover Spravato? Due to its FDA approval, Spravato is covered by most major insurance plans in Illinois, including Medicare and Medicaid. However, only patients with a formal diagnosis of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDSI) are eligible for the treatment. While the medication is usually covered by insurance, patients may still have out-of-pocket costs , including copays , deductibles , and pre-treatment medical evaluations . Your exact expenses will depend on your specific insurance plan. At the Albany Clinic, we’re here to help you understand your costs and maximize your coverage. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Therapy What is TMS, and how does it work? TMS therapy is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate underactive regions of the brain associated with mood regulation. In depression, TMS targets the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , which is often less active in individuals with the condition. TMS therapy works by: Inducing electrical activity in neurons , prompting the release of neurotransmitters involved in mood and motivation. Increasing the activity of neural circuits responsible for mood regulation. Enhancing neuroplasticity , potentially “re-wiring” nerve circuits associated with unhealthy thinking and behavior. The treatment protocol typically consists of daily sessions over several weeks. Each session lasts about 20-40 minutes, during which patients remain awake and alert. Does insurance cover TMS? Since TMS therapy is FDA-approved, some major insurance providers in Illinois cover costs, but unfortunately, the state’s Medicaid does not. If you're considering TMS, check with your insurance provider to see if your plan includes coverage, as eligibility and benefits vary. At the Albany Clinic, we're here to help clarify details and explore options to make treatment more affordable. IV Ketamine Infusion Therapy What is an IV ketamine infusion and how does it work? IV ketamine infusion therapy involves administering ketamine intravenously at sub-anesthetic doses . This approach has shown rapid and robust antidepressant effects, especially in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. IV ketamine shares the same mechanism as Spravato but tends to have more rapid-acting effects. A standard course includes multiple infusions over a set period, with each session lasting approximately one hour. Does insurance cover IV ketamine? Unlike Spravato and TMS, IV ketamine infusion therapy is not FDA-approved for depression treatment and instead is used “ off-label .” This means most insurance plans don’t accept ketamine, and coverage is limited. However, some insurance companies may reimburse some of the treatment costs, such as the evaluation and management part. At the Albany Clinic, we’ll provide you with all the documentation to submit a claim to your insurance provider, but full payment is required before each procedure. Navigating Insurance for Depression Treatment Understanding insurance coverage for depression treatments can be complex. Here are steps to help streamline the process: Verify Coverage : Contact your insurance provider to inquire about treatment coverage specifics. Some insurers require a history of treatment failures with traditional antidepressants before approving coverage for these advanced therapies. Obtain Pre-Authorization : Many insurers require pre-authorization for certain treatments. Ensure all necessary approvals are secured before initiating therapy. The Albany Clinic's administrative team can assist in submitting pre-authorization requests. Understand Financial Responsibilities : Clarify any co-pays, deductibles, or out-of-pocket expenses associated with your treatment plan. Consult Our Team : The Albany Clinic's administrative staff is experienced in navigating insurance processes and can assist you in understanding and managing the financial aspects of your treatment. We also provide financial counseling to help patients explore payment plans and reimbursement options. Going Forward Navigating insurance for depression treatment can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. At The Albany Clinic , we’re dedicated to helping patients access effective, insurance-backed treatments while minimizing out-of-pocket costs. Contact us today to learn more about your options and take the next step toward relief.